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排序方式: 共有417条查询结果,搜索用时 155 毫秒
61.
Effect of Aging and Surface Interactions on the Diffusion of Endogenous Compounds in Latent Fingerprints Studied by Mass Spectrometry Imaging, 下载免费PDF全文
The ability to determine the age of fingerprints would be immeasurably beneficial in criminal investigations. We explore the possibility of determining the age of fingerprints by analyzing various compounds as they diffuse from the ridges to the valleys of fingerprints using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. The diffusion of two classes of endogenous fingerprint compounds, fatty acids and triacylglycerols (TGs), was studied in fresh and aged fingerprints on four surfaces. We expected higher molecular weight TGs would diffuse slower than fatty acids and allow us to determine the age of older fingerprints. However, we found interactions between endogenous compounds and the surface have a much stronger impact on diffusion than molecular weight. For example, diffusion of TGs is faster on hydrophilic plain glass or partially hydrophilic stainless steel surfaces, than on a hydrophobic Rain‐x treated surface. This result further complicates utilizing a diffusion model to age fingerprints. 相似文献
62.
Norimitsu Akiba Ph.D. Kenro Kuroki Ph.D. Kenji Kurosawa Ph.D. Ken'ichi Tsuchiya Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(2):556-562
Detection of aged fingerprints is difficult because they can degrade over time with exposure to light, moisture, and temperature. In this study, aging fingerprints were visualized by time‐resolved spectroscopy with an ultraviolet‐pulsed laser. Fingerprints were prepared on glass slides and paper and then stored under three lighting conditions and two humidity conditions for up to a year. The fluorescence intensities of the fingerprints decreased with time. Samples were stored in the dark degraded less than in sunlight or under a fluorescent lamp. Samples were stored under low humidity degraded less than under moderate humidity. As the storage period increased, a fluorescence emission peak appeared that was at a longer wavelength than the peak visible in earlier spectra. This peak was used for visualization of an aged fingerprint over time. An image of the fingerprint was not initially visible, but an image appeared as the time since deposition of the fingerprint increased. 相似文献
63.
通过对CNAS-T18指印项目实施与结果的解析,讨论了当前国内利用指印印面特征的现状:民事案件指印鉴定基础理论的不足。提出了对民事案件指印特征重新进行分类研究,以及探讨、规范利用指印印面特征步骤、方法的必要性和紧迫性。强调了指印印面特征在解决民事案件中的重要作用。 相似文献
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随着新刑事诉讼法修改案的实行,法律赋予了犯罪嫌疑人更多人权的同时,给公、检、法机关的工作提出了更高的要求,并就证据的形式,证据的获取途径以及证据链等关于证据的法律效力方面做出了严格的规定和要求。随着社会的发展,各种形形色色的案件层出不穷,而真正留在现场的完整指印将少之又少,如何对现场手印进行分析和判断为侦查提供重要线索,文章结合实践总结出对现场手印分析的工作步骤和方法,以便锁定犯罪嫌疑人成为法庭审判予以采信的重要物证同时也能成为犯罪情报资料的重要来源。手印作为七种证据之一,在今后的打击犯罪和参与刑事诉讼方面仍将发挥重要作用,因此研究手印仍具有实战指导意义。 相似文献
66.
Jody Brook Yueqi Yan Margaret H. Lloyd Thomas P. McDonald 《Journal of public child welfare》2014,8(3):239-259
Parental substance abuse is a major factor in families experiencing foster care placement, yet little is known about the potential of screening in determining risk or identifying subpopulations for which elevated risk occurs. One Midwestern state recently implemented screening. This research uses information gathered as part of the screen's implementation to conduct a latent class analysis. The research was extended to provide a detailed examination of differences in child and family characteristics across classes, and to compare the screen results with caseworker impressions. Three distinct typologies emerged, with the high-risk and moderate-risk designations comprising only one quarter of the cases. 相似文献
67.
Abstract: In developing latent prints on cartridge casings and shotgun shells, multiple chemical processes should be used in order to obtain the best results. In Phase I, this study established an optimal chemical sequence for both Brass and Nickel cartridge casings based on six sequences involving four chemicals: Cyanoacrylate, Black Powder, Rhodamine 6G and Acidified Hydrogen Peroxide. Phase II was a validation study of Phase I involving a random sample of both Brass and Nickel cartridge casings, which were processed according to the determined optimal sequences. In addition, ribbed shotgun shells were processed under Phase I results and determined to be dependent upon the utilization of a CrimeScope at 515 nm. Consideration should be given to the type of cartridge case being examined. Although limitations exist, some chemical sequences undeniably work better than others. All photographs were manipulated with Adobe® Photoshop®. All results were verified by a senior latent print examiner. 相似文献
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王放 《西南政法大学学报》2000,2(4):79-80
本文系统编译整理了线粒体及线粒体 DNA(mtDNA)技术。mtDNA 技术对刑侦、刑事审判与辩护、重大灾害事故调查和民事诉讼以及战争阵亡者母系血统关系认定具有广泛的作用。执法人员、刑事被告人、民事诉讼参与人了解 mtDNA 技术与 DNA 指纹技术的区别才能有效地利用 mtDNA 技术,避免错案和合法权益受到损害。 相似文献